In-text referencing using direct quotes from a document from a website where there are two or three authors.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

  1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
  2. Using the author’s name as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

  • The family names of all the authors.
  • No initials.
  • The year of publication.
  • Place a comma between the year and the page number.
  • Write the page number(s) as p. 21 or pp. 21-23.
  • Leave a space between the p. and the number.
  • Use ‘single’ inverted commas to indicate the quotation.

The following sentences have been taken from:

Kearns, J & Manners, P 2005, The impact of monetary policy on the exchange rate: a study using intraday data, Reserve Bank of Australia, viewed 23 August 2007,
<http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/RDP/RDP2005-02.html>.

(a) Kearns and Manners (2005, p. 21) determined that ‘in general, the results suggest that monetary policy can account for only a small part of the observed volatility in the exchange rate’.

OR

(b) ‘In general, the results suggest that monetary policy can account for only a small part of the observed volatility in the exchange rate’ (Kearns & Manners 2005 p. 21).

Note:

  • It is essential to write exactly what is written in the quote.
  • The different uses of ‘and’ and ‘&’ in the examples above.
    ‘and’ is used when the authors’ names are part of the sentence (See - Example a).
    ‘&’ is used when the authors’ names are used in the bracketed citation (See - Example b).
  • the full stop is placed after the bracket when the citation is at the end of the sentence (See - Example b).
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