In-text referencing when using direct quotes from lectures or course notes.

In general, students are not encouraged to use quotes from lectures or course notes. You should be using information and knowledge gained from your own research.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

  1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
  2. Using the author’s name as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

  • The family name of the author.
  • No initials are required.
  • The year of publication.
  • Place a comma between the year and the page number.
  • Write  the page number/s as p. 95 or pp. 95- 97.
  • Leave a space between the p. and the number.
  • Use ‘single’ inverted commas, to indicate the quotation.

Note:
It is essential to write exactly what is written in the quote.

Examples of in-text referencing when using direct quotes

The sentences below have been quoted from the MBA Course notes 2007, Graduate School of Business, RMIT University, Melbourne.

(a) Graduate School of Business(2007, Unit 2, p. 5) states that ‘East Asian countries are integrating their economies into a large and complex web through the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement and other regional trade and investment initiatives’.

or

(b) ‘East Asian countries are integrating their economies into a large and complex web through the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement and other regional trade and investment initiatives’ (Graduate School of Business 2007, Unit 2, p. 5).

Note:

  • The full stop is placed after the bracket when the citation is at the end of the sentence. (See - Example b).
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