In-text referencing when using direct quotes from a journal article with more than three authors.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
2. Using the author’s name as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

• Use only the family name of the first writer, followed by the words ‘et al.’. (Latin for ‘and others’).
• No initials are required.
• The year of publication.
• Place a comma between the year and the page number.
• Write  the page number/s as p. 95 or pp. 95- 97.
• Leave a space between the p. and the number.
• Use ‘single’ inverted commas, to indicate the quotation.

Note:

• Write exactly what is written in the quote.

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The following sentences have been taken from:

Heath, RL, Pearce, WB, Shotter, J & Taylor, J 2006, 'The process of dialogue: participation and legitimation', Management Communication Quarterly, February, vol. 19, issue 3, p. 341.

(a) Heath et al. (2006, p. 373) suggest that 'maintaining conflicts and differences as a positive energy toward creativity is of greater value than seeking common ground and value consensus'.

or

(b) ‘Maintaining conflicts and differences as a positive energy toward creativity is of greater value than seeking common ground and value consensus’ (Heath et al. 2006, pp. 373).

Note:

• The full stop is placed after the bracket (See - Example b).

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