In-text referencing using a direct quote from a journal article with two or three authors.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
2. Using the author’s name as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

• The family names of all the authors.
• No initials are required.
• The year of publication.
• Place a comma between the year and the page number.
• Write  the page number/s as p. 95 or pp. 95- 97.
• Leave a space between the p. and the number.
• Use ‘single’ inverted commas, to indicate the quotation.

Note:

• It is essential to write exactly what is written in the quote.

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The following sentences have been taken from:

Hoekman, B & Newfarmer, F 2005, 'Preferential trade agreements, investment disciplines and investment flows', Journal of World Trade, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 949-973.

(a)  Hoekman and Newfarmer  (2005, p. 949) suggest that ‘new trade rules that create a larger internal market create an incentive to invest for members and for third world countries’.

or

(b) 'New trade rules that create a larger internal market create an incentive to invest for members and for third world countries' (Hoekman & Newfarmer 2005, p. 949).

Note:

• The full stop is placed after the bracket (See - Example b).
• The title of the journal is not named in the in-text citation.
• The different uses of ‘&’ and ‘and’ in the examples above.

- ‘and’ is used when the authors’ names are used as part of the sentence (See - Example b).
- ‘&’ is used when the authors’ names are used in the bracketed citation (See - Example b).

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