In-text referencing when using direct quotes from a unpublished conference paper with one author.

There are two options for in text referencing:

1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
2. Using the author’s name as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

• The family name of the author.
• No initials are required.
• The year of publication.
• Place a comma between the year and the page number.
• Write  the page number/s as p. 95 or pp. 95- 97.
• Leave a space between the p. and the number.
• Use ‘single’ inverted commas, to indicate the quotation.

Note:

It is essential to write exactly what is written in the quote.

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The following sentences have been taken from:

Matsummoto, H & Wilson, DW 2005, ‘Inductive theory building to visualize cultural differences between Japanese and Western multinational investment banks from the perspective of global strategic IS management’ proceedings of the 13th Annual Cross-Cultural Meeting in Information Systems, Las Vegas, December 2005.

(a) Matsummoto and Wilson (2005 p. 18) stated that ‘the Japanese practice of lifetime employment guarantees male employees assigned positions favouring generalist type workers with multiple skills, in turn promoting employee loyalty’.

OR

(b) ‘The Japanese practice of lifetime employment guarantees male employees assigned positions favouring generalist type workers with multiple skills, in turn promoting employee loyalty’ (Matsummoto & Wilson 2005, p. 18).

Note:

• the different uses of ‘&’ and ‘and’ in the examples above.
  ‘and’ is used when the authors’ names are used as part of the sentence (See - Example a).
  ‘&’ is used when the authors’ names are used in the bracketed citation (See - Example b).

• the full stop is placed after the bracket when the citation is at the end of the sentence (See - Example b).

How do I reference in-text when using direct quotes from an unpublished conference paper or presentation with more than three writers?

Example:  Wang, J, Wang, G, Ruona, WEA & Rojewski, J 2005, ‘Confucian values and the implications for international HRD’, paper presented to Human Resource Development International, vol. 8, no. 3, September 2005, pp. 311-326.

If the conference paper or presentation was written by more than three writers the in-text citation will be:

Wang et al. (2005) suggested that ‘......’.

OR

‘......’ ( Wang et al. 2005).

Remember:  The reference list entry must include the names of all the writers.

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