In-text referencing when paraphrasing from a book with two or three authors.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
2. Using the authors’ names as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

• The family names of all the authors.
• No initials are required.
• The year of publication.

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(a) Nordstrum and Vaughan (1999) suggest that in general, as countries become wealthier, they create tougher environmental and labour regulations.

or

(b) In general, as countries become wealthier, they create tougher environmental and labour regulations (Nordstrum & Vaughan 1999).

Note:

• Do not add page numbers or quotation marks when paraphrasing.
• The different uses of ‘&’ and ‘and’ in the examples above.

- ‘and’ is used when the authors’ names are used as part of the sentence (See - Example a).
- ‘&’ is used when the authors’ names are used in the bracketed citation (See - Example b).

• the full stop is placed after the bracket when the citation is at the end of the sentence (See - Example b).

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