In-text referencing when using direct quotes from a book with more than three authors.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
2. Using the authors' names as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

• Family name of the first writer, followed by the words ‘et al’. (Latin for ‘and others’).
• No initials are required.
• The year of publication.
• Place a comma between the year and the page number.
• Write  the page number/s as p. 95 or pp. 95- 97.
• Leave a space between the p. and the number.
• Use ‘single’ inverted commas, to indicate the quotation.

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The following sentences have been taken from:

Quinn, RE, Faerman, SR, Thompson, MP & McGrath, MR 2003, Becoming a master manager: a competency framework, 3^rd edn, John Wiley & Sons, USA.

(a)  Quinn et al. (2003, pp. 77 -78) suggest that changes in management style have been brought about largely as a result of global competition ranging from ‘encouraging managers to listen to employees’ ideas about work improvements: to creating large-scale participation programs such as quality circles, labor-management quality of work life committees, and self-managed work teams.’

or

(b) Global competition has necessitated changes in management styles ranging from 'encouraging managers to listen to employees' ideas about work improvements: to creating large-scale participation programs such as quality circles, labor-management quality of work life committees, and self-managed work teams' (Quinn et al. 2003, pp. 77 -78).

Note:

• The full stop is placed after the bracket when the citation is at the end of the sentence. (See - Example b).

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