In-text referencing when using direct quotes from a book with two or three authors.

There are two options for in-text referencing:

1. Adding a citation at the end of a sentence.
2. Using the authors' names as part of your sentence.

Essential information to include:

• The family names of all the authors.
• No initials are required.
• The year of publication.
• Place a comma between the year and the page number.
• Write the page number/s as p. 95 or pp. 95- 97.
• Leave a space between the p. and the number.
• Use ‘single’ inverted commas, to indicate the quotation.

Note:

It is essential to write exactly what is written in the quote.

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(a)  Hoekman and Newfarmer (2005, p. 949) suggest that ‘ if governments use tax and other incentives to attract inward foreign direct investments (FDI), countries may find themselves in a bidding war.’

or

(b) ‘ If governments use tax and other incentives to attract inward foreign direct investments (FDI), countries may find themselves in a bidding war’ (Hoekman & Newfarmer 2005, p. 949).

Note:

• the different uses of ‘&’ and ‘and’ in the examples above.

- 'and' is used when the authors' names are used as part of the sentence. (See - Example a).
- '&' is used when the authors' names are used in the bracketed citation. (See - Example b).

• The full stop is placed after the bracket when the citation is at the end of the sentence. (See - Example b).

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